[bglug] Pagina di linux@elearning / freelearning
mauro
bglug@lists.linux.it
Sun, 23 Feb 2003 21:19:13 +0100
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ecco il mio contributo... e' un po' scopiazzato ma non volevo scrivere
cavolate :)
Mauro
--
Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about
telescopes
- Edsger W. Dijkstra
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<h1>Il progetto GNU</h1>
<hr>
<div align="right"> <font size="-1"><i>
<a href="mailto:mauro@bglug.it">Mauro Baluda</a><br>
BgLUG member</i></font>
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<br><br>
<img src="gsam.jpg" alt="I want GNU" align="left">
GNU e' un acronimo ricorsivo per "GNU is Not Unix" e si pronuncia gh-nu.<br>
Il <a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.it.html">progetto GNU</a> nasce nel 1983 quando Richard Stallman che allora lavorava nel laboratorio di Intelligenza Artificiale del MIT, resosi conto che la libera condivisione del software non era ormai piu' possibile nemmeno in ambito accademico perche' le aziende che lo producevano proibivano e impedivano la cooperazione da parte degli utenti, decise di licenziarsi e di sviluppare da zero un sistema operativo che fosse <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">software libero</a>.<br>
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L'intento di Stallman era quello di convincere gli utenti Unix a passare a GNU, per questo il sitema doveva essere del tutto compatibile con Unix stesso che per di piu' era gia' un sistema collaudato e di grande qualita'.<br>
All'inizio degli anni '90 il progetto era quasi completo, mancava ancora pero' una parte fondamentale: il kernel.<br>
GNU lavorava, e lavora tutt'oggi, al kernel HURD ma nel frattempo fu sviluppato da Linus Torvalds un kernel libero: Linux.<br>
La combonazione del kernel Linux con il sistema GNU diede un sistema operativo completo; anche se a questi sistemi ci si riferisce spesso come "Linux", essi vengono chiamati con più precisione sistemi GNU/Linux.<br>
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Lo scopo di GNU consiste nell'offrire libertà agli utenti, sono stati percio' studiati dei termini di distribuzione che evitano che il software GNU possa essere trasformato in software proprietario;
utilizzando le leggi sul diritto d'autore (copyright) e' stato ideato un sitema detto copyleft che ne capovolge gli intenti: il copyleft consiste nel dare a chiunque il permesso di eseguire il programma, copiare il programma, modificare il programma, e distribuirne versioni modificate, ma senza dare il permesso di aggiungere restrizioni.
In questo modo, le libertà essenziali che definiscono il "free software" (software libero) sono garantite a chiunque ne abbia una copia.<br>
Esistono varie licenze che "implementano" il copyleft, i prodotti di GNU e moltissimi altri utilizzano la GNU General Public License (licenza pubblica generica GNU), abbreviata in GNU GPL.<br>
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per approfondire: <a href="http://www.gnu.org/home.it.html">http://www.gnu.org/home.it.html</a><br>
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