[LTP] [PATCH v9] cpufreq.c: add new test for cpufreq sysfs interface validation
Piotr Kubaj
piotr.kubaj@intel.com
Thu Jun 11 13:42:20 CEST 2026
Runs various sanity checks for intel_pstate cpufreq sysfs interface.
Checks whether intel_pstate driver is used, whether it is possible to
switch scaling_governor to powersave and performance, whether it is
possible to disable turbo frequency and whether it is possible to change
scaling_min_freq and scaling_max_freq to its minimal valid and maximal
valid values.
Requires root to write to /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/ (status,
no_turbo) and per-CPU /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*\/cpufreq/ attributes
(scaling_governor, scaling_min_freq, scaling_max_freq).
Motivation: LTP has no regression coverage for the intel_pstate cpufreq
sysfs interface, so breakage in any of these attributes (driver
exposure, governor switching, active/passive mode transitions, no_turbo
toggling or scaling_{min,max}_freq writes) can reach users undetected.
This test exercises the interface end-to-end to catch such regressions.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Kubaj <piotr.kubaj@intel.com>
---
Addresses review from Andrea:
1. Single goto instead of duplicating free().
2. .save_restore for intel_pstate/status and intel_pstate/no_turbo.
3. TCONF is necessary, because even with the driver loaded, the sysfs
interface may not be available - e.g. when running on a VM, when using
unsupported CPU or when intel_pstate=disable is appended to the kernel
cmdline.
4. Replace strstr.
5. Use single quotes instead of escaping double quotes.
6. Add CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHEDUTIL and CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE
to required kconfigs.
runtest/power_management_tests | 1 +
testcases/kernel/power_management/.gitignore | 1 +
testcases/kernel/power_management/cpufreq.c | 424 +++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 426 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 testcases/kernel/power_management/.gitignore
create mode 100644 testcases/kernel/power_management/cpufreq.c
diff --git a/runtest/power_management_tests b/runtest/power_management_tests
index b670da6ec..0bc7dd0c8 100644
--- a/runtest/power_management_tests
+++ b/runtest/power_management_tests
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
#POWER_MANAGEMENT
+cpufreq cpufreq
runpwtests03 runpwtests03.sh
runpwtests04 runpwtests04.sh
runpwtests06 runpwtests06.sh
diff --git a/testcases/kernel/power_management/.gitignore b/testcases/kernel/power_management/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f34e4c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testcases/kernel/power_management/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cpufreq
diff --git a/testcases/kernel/power_management/cpufreq.c b/testcases/kernel/power_management/cpufreq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11896258e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testcases/kernel/power_management/cpufreq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Piotr Kubaj <piotr.kubaj@intel.com>
+ */
+
+/*\
+ * Runs various sanity checks for intel_pstate cpufreq sysfs interface.
+ *
+ * Checks whether intel_pstate driver is used, whether it is possible to switch
+ * scaling_governor to powersave and performance, whether it is possible
+ * to disable turbo frequency and whether it is possible to change
+ * scaling_min_freq and scaling_max_freq to its minimal valid and maximal valid
+ * values.
+ *
+ * Requires root to write to /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/ (status,
+ * no_turbo) and per-CPU /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*\/cpufreq/ attributes
+ * (scaling_governor, scaling_min_freq, scaling_max_freq).
+ *
+ * Motivation: LTP has no regression coverage for the intel_pstate cpufreq
+ * sysfs interface, so breakage in any of these attributes (driver exposure,
+ * governor switching, active/passive mode transitions, no_turbo toggling or
+ * scaling_{min,max}_freq writes) can reach users undetected. This test
+ * exercises the interface end-to-end to catch such regressions.
+ */
+
+#include "tst_test.h"
+
+static bool *online, setup_done;
+static char (*previous_scaling_governor)[16];
+static int nproc;
+static long *previous_scaling_max_freq, *previous_scaling_min_freq;
+
+static int governor_available(const char *governors, const char *governor)
+{
+ const char *ptr = governors;
+ int len = strlen(governor);
+
+ while (*ptr) {
+ while (*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t' || *ptr == '\n')
+ ptr++;
+
+ if (!strncmp(ptr, governor, len) &&
+ (ptr[len] == '\0' || ptr[len] == ' ' || ptr[len] == '\t' || ptr[len] == '\n'))
+ return 1;
+
+ while (*ptr && *ptr != ' ' && *ptr != '\t' && *ptr != '\n')
+ ptr++;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void cleanup(void)
+{
+ char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+ if (!setup_done)
+ goto out;
+
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF("/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status", "active");
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%s", previous_scaling_governor[i]);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", previous_scaling_max_freq[i]);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", previous_scaling_min_freq[i]);
+ }
+
+out:
+ free(online);
+ free(previous_scaling_max_freq);
+ free(previous_scaling_min_freq);
+ free(previous_scaling_governor);
+}
+
+static void setup(void)
+{
+ char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+ nproc = tst_ncpus_conf();
+ online = SAFE_CALLOC(nproc, sizeof(*online));
+ previous_scaling_max_freq = SAFE_CALLOC(nproc, sizeof(*previous_scaling_max_freq));
+ previous_scaling_min_freq = SAFE_CALLOC(nproc, sizeof(*previous_scaling_min_freq));
+ previous_scaling_governor = SAFE_CALLOC(nproc, sizeof(*previous_scaling_governor));
+ online[0] = true;
+ for (int i = 1; i < nproc; i++) {
+ int tmp;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/online", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%d", &tmp);
+ online[i] = (bool)tmp;
+ }
+
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF("/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status", "active");
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%15s", previous_scaling_governor[i]);
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &previous_scaling_max_freq[i]);
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &previous_scaling_min_freq[i]);
+ }
+
+ setup_done = true;
+}
+
+static void run(void)
+{
+ const char * const cpufreq_nodes[] = {
+ "affected_cpus",
+ "cpuinfo_max_freq",
+ "cpuinfo_min_freq",
+ "cpuinfo_transition_latency",
+ "related_cpus",
+ "scaling_available_governors",
+ "scaling_cur_freq",
+ "scaling_driver",
+ "scaling_governor",
+ "scaling_max_freq",
+ "scaling_min_freq",
+ "scaling_setspeed",
+ NULL
+ };
+ char contents[256] = {0}, path[PATH_MAX], path_cpuinfo_min_freq[PATH_MAX];
+ int no_turbo_val;
+ long cpuinfo_max_freq = 0, cpuinfo_min_freq = 0, scaling_max_freq, scaling_min_freq;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_driver", i);
+
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s is 'intel_pstate'", path);
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "intel_pstate", sizeof("intel_pstate"))) {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is intel_pstate", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "%s contains: %s", path, contents);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not intel_pstate", path);
+ }
+
+ for (int j = 0; cpufreq_nodes[j]; j++) {
+ struct stat stats;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/%s", i, cpufreq_nodes[j]);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s is a regular file", path);
+ SAFE_STAT(path, &stats);
+ if (!S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)) {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "%s mode: %o", path, stats.st_mode);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not a regular file", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is a regular file", path);
+ }
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors", i);
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255[^\n]", contents);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s contains 'performance' and 'powersave'", path);
+ if (governor_available(contents, "performance") && governor_available(contents, "powersave")) {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s contains: %s", path, contents);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "%s contains: %s", path, contents);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'performance powersave'", path);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor", i);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking %s", path);
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "performance", sizeof("performance"))) {
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "%s is 'performance'", path);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched to 'powersave'", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "powersave");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "powersave", sizeof("powersave")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Changing scaling_governor from performance to powersave succeeded");
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s: failed to change scaling_governor from performance to powersave, current scaling_governor: %s", path, contents);
+
+ } else if (!strncmp(contents, "powersave", sizeof("powersave"))) {
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "%s is 'powersave'", path);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched to 'performance'", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "performance");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "performance", sizeof("performance")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Changing scaling_governor from powersave to performance succeeded");
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s: failed to change scaling_governor from powersave to performance, current scaling_governor: %s", path, contents);
+
+ } else {
+ tst_brk(TBROK, "Unknown scaling_governor: %s", contents);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq", i);
+ snprintf(path_cpuinfo_min_freq, sizeof(path_cpuinfo_min_freq), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq", i);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s is bigger than cpuinfo_min_freq", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &cpuinfo_max_freq);
+
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path_cpuinfo_min_freq, "%ld", &cpuinfo_min_freq);
+
+ if (cpuinfo_min_freq > cpuinfo_max_freq)
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "Value in %s: %ld, should be bigger than cpuinfo_min_freq: %ld", path, cpuinfo_max_freq, cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ else
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Value in %s: %ld, is bigger than cpuinfo_min_freq: %ld", path, cpuinfo_max_freq, cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status");
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s contains 'active'", path);
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "active", sizeof("active")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is 'active'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'active', but %s", path, contents);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched to 'passive'", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "passive");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "passive", sizeof("passive")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is 'passive'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'passive', but %s", path, contents);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched back to 'active'", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "active");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "active", sizeof("active")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is 'active'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'active', but %s", path, contents);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo");
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched to 1", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "1");
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%d", &no_turbo_val);
+
+ if (no_turbo_val == 1)
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is '1'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not '1', but %d", path, no_turbo_val);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be switched back to 0", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "0");
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%d", &no_turbo_val);
+
+ if (no_turbo_val == 0)
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is '0'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not '0', but %d", path, no_turbo_val);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether scaling_available_governors contains 'performance' and 'schedutil' after switching /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status to 'passive'");
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status");
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "passive");
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors", i);
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255[^\n]", contents);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s contains 'performance' and 'schedutil'", path);
+ if (governor_available(contents, "performance") && governor_available(contents, "schedutil")) {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s contains: %s", path, contents);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "%s contains: %s", path, contents);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s does not contain 'performance' and 'schedutil'", path);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor", i);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be changed to performance", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "performance");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "performance", sizeof("performance")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is 'performance'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'performance', but %s", path, contents);
+
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be changed to schedutil", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "schedutil");
+ memset(contents, 0, sizeof(contents));
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%255s", contents);
+
+ if (!strncmp(contents, "schedutil", sizeof("schedutil")))
+ tst_res(TPASS, "%s is 'schedutil'", path);
+ else
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "%s is not 'schedutil', but %s", path, contents);
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq", i);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be assigned to scaling_max_freq and scaling_min_freq", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &cpuinfo_max_freq);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &cpuinfo_min_freq);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", cpuinfo_max_freq);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &scaling_max_freq);
+
+ if (cpuinfo_max_freq < scaling_max_freq) {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "cpuinfo_max_freq: %ld", cpuinfo_max_freq);
+ tst_res(TINFO, "scaling_max_freq: %ld", scaling_max_freq);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "Failure setting %s", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Successfully set up %s", path);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", cpuinfo_max_freq);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &scaling_min_freq);
+
+ if (cpuinfo_max_freq < scaling_min_freq) {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "cpuinfo_max_freq: %ld", cpuinfo_max_freq);
+ tst_res(TINFO, "scaling_min_freq: %ld", scaling_min_freq);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "Failure setting %s", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Successfully set up %s", path);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", previous_scaling_min_freq[i]);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", previous_scaling_max_freq[i]);
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq", i);
+ tst_res(TDEBUG, "Checking whether %s can be assigned to scaling_max_freq and scaling_min_freq", path);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &cpuinfo_max_freq);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &cpuinfo_min_freq);
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &scaling_min_freq);
+
+ if (cpuinfo_min_freq > scaling_min_freq) {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "cpuinfo_min_freq: %ld", cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ tst_res(TINFO, "scaling_min_freq: %ld", scaling_min_freq);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "Failure setting %s", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Successfully set up %s", path);
+ }
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%ld", cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ SAFE_FILE_SCANF(path, "%ld", &scaling_max_freq);
+
+ if (cpuinfo_min_freq > scaling_max_freq) {
+ tst_res(TINFO, "cpuinfo_min_freq: %ld", cpuinfo_min_freq);
+ tst_res(TINFO, "scaling_max_freq: %ld", scaling_max_freq);
+ tst_res(TFAIL, "Failure setting %s", path);
+ } else {
+ tst_res(TPASS, "Successfully set up %s", path);
+ }
+ }
+
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF("/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status", "active");
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor", i);
+ SAFE_FILE_PRINTF(path, "%s", previous_scaling_governor[i]);
+ }
+}
+
+static struct tst_test test = {
+ .cleanup = cleanup,
+ .needs_kconfigs = (const char *const []) {
+ "CONFIG_X86_INTEL_PSTATE",
+ "CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_SCHEDUTIL",
+ "CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE",
+ NULL
+ },
+ .needs_root = 1,
+ .save_restore = (const struct tst_path_val[]) {
+ {"/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status", NULL, TST_SR_TCONF},
+ {"/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo", NULL, TST_SR_TCONF},
+ {}
+ },
+ .setup = setup,
+ .supported_archs = (const char *const []) {
+ "x86",
+ "x86_64",
+ NULL
+ },
+ .test_all = run
+};
--
2.47.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------
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